【术语翻译】关于ISO 21771标准中的一些特殊术语及字句的翻译难题

mrmrw

本帖主要是针对ISO 21771标准中给出的一些国内没有对应中文术语的术语或句子，让大家帮忙看一下怎么翻译合适。
【1】 Reference rack
  定义：The reference rack is the rack that can be produced using the same gear-cutting tool, gear-cutting method and pitch point (pitch axis) as the actual cylindrical gear. It is characterized by its profile, the direction of its teeth in relation to the pitch axis of the generating gear unit, tip plane, root plane and facewidth, see Figure 3.

mrmrw

我给出的翻译是：
参考齿条是指可以使用与加工实际齿轮相同的齿轮刀具、加工方法和节点（节线）来制造的齿条。其特点是它的齿廓、轮齿的齿向都与展成齿轮组的节线、齿顶面、齿根面和齿宽都相关，如图3所示。

mrmrw

我个人意见是：reference rack 应该是和公共齿条的概念一样，是一个虚拟齿条。用这个虚拟的齿条来范成齿轮的齿形，因此这个公共齿条就与齿轮的各个尺寸相关了。——基于这一点理解，我才翻译成上面的汉语。

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为了说明reference rack的含义，我找了一篇论文，看一下摘要中英文对照的，是吴老的论文！

mrmrw

5.1.1 Mating gear, mating flank
5.1.1配对齿轮，配对齿面

The mating gear in a gear pair is the gear which meshes with the other gear in question. The mating flanks for the tooth system of the other gear in question are the contacting tooth flanks of the mating gears.

齿轮副中的配对齿轮是指与设定的齿轮相啮和的另一个齿轮。配对齿面是指与设定的齿轮的齿面相接触的另一个齿轮的齿面。



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这样翻译是否正确？

mrmrw

5.4.2 Plane of action, zone of action, contact line

5.4.2啮合平面，啮合区域，接触线

The plane of action of a cylindrical gear pair is tangent to the base cylinders of the gear and mating gear. In the case of an external gear pair, the plane of action passes between the base cylinders. The intersection of the two planes of action (one for each tooth flank) is parallel to the gear axes, and is the pitch axis (see 5.2.5). The zones of action are the parts of the planes of action which are limited by the usable tip cylinders of the gear and mating gear and by the facewidth and, in the case of external gears, can be further limited by the start of the involute. A zone of action is linked to the flank that is normal to it. Hence, one of the planes of action is linked to the right flanks and the other to the left flanks.

圆柱齿轮副的啮合平面是指两相啮齿轮的基圆柱面的公共切平面。对外齿轮副，啮合平面穿过两基圆柱面之间【译者注：对外齿轮，啮合平面是两基圆柱的内公切平面；对内齿轮副，啮合平面是两基圆柱的外公切平面】。两啮合平面（左右齿面各一个）的交线平行于齿轮轴线，即为节线轴（参见5.2.5）。啮合区域是啮合平面的一部分，其范围受可用齿顶圆柱面、配对齿轮、齿宽的限制；在外齿轮中，渐开线的起始点也是一个限制条件。啮合区域通常都是与齿面相关的。因此，如果一个啮合平面与右齿面相关，那么另一个啮合平面则与左齿面相关。

At any instant in time, the intersection of the zone of action with the corresponding tooth flanks of a gear pair is known as the contact line. With the rotation of the gears around their axes, the contact lines move through the zone of action. On tooth flanks, the contact lines are identical to the generators of flank and mating flank, see 4.3.1.

在任一瞬间，一对齿轮副相应齿面的接触区域的交线称为接触线。随着齿轮绕其轴线的转动，接触线逐步通过啮合区域。在齿面上，接触线是两相啮齿面的公共母线，参见4.3.1。

5.4.3Line of action, path of contact, point of contact

5.4.3作用线，啮合线，接触点

Lines of action are where the planes of action intersect transverse sections. According to 5.4.2, it is necessary to distinguish between the right flank line of action and the left flank line of action. A line of action is inclined to the common tangent to the pitch circles at the pitch point (pitch circle tangent) by the working transverse pressure angle,  (see Figures 15 and 17), and it contacts the two base circles at the points T1 and T2.

作用线是啮合平面与端截面的交线。根据5.4.2，作用线应划分为右侧齿面作用线和左侧齿面作用线。作用线与两节圆的公共切线在节点相交形成的夹角即为端面工作压力角 （参见图15和17），其与两基圆相交于点 T1和T2 。

A path of contact is that part of the line of action which is within the zone of action. The starting point, , of the path of contact is at or near the tip circle of the driven gear. The finishing point, , of the path of contact is at or near the tip circle of the driving gear.

啮合线【译者注：也称啮合轨迹】是指位于啮合区域内的那一部分作用线。啮合线的起点A在或接近从动齿轮的齿顶圆；啮合线的终点E在或接近主动齿轮的齿顶圆。

NOTE  In Figures 15 and 17, only the line of action of the working flanks is shown in each case.

注意：在图15和17中，只给出了一种情况下的工作齿面的作用线。

The lines of action intersect the centre line at pitch point  (see 5.2.5). Pitch point  is also the point at which the two lines of action intersect.

作用线与连心线的交点是节点C（参见5.2.5）。节点C同时也是两条作用线的交点。

A point of contact is a point where a path of contact intersects the corresponding tooth flanks in a specific working position of the two gears. It is a point on the contact line.

接触点是两齿轮在工作位置上相应齿面的啮合线的交点。它是接触线上的一个点。

mrmrw

6 Tooth flank modifications

       6 齿面修形

Tooth flank modifications are desired alterations to the tooth flank face compared with the main geometry described in 4.3. Superimposing the nominal modifications on the main geometry produces the nominal tooth flank. The modifications can be defined in characteristic profiles of the tooth flank or in relation to the flank face. Modification depths are always given in the transverse section and normal to the involute of the main geometry.

齿面修形是指基于某些需要而对齿面作出的一些修正，这些修正是与第4.3部分所描绘的齿轮主要几何形貌相比较而言的。将修形叠加到齿轮主要几何形貌上即可得到名义齿面。这些修形可以被定义在齿面或与刀具相关的特定轮廓上。修形量通常都是在端平面上的渐开线主要几何部分给出。
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上面这段话真的很难翻译啊？

mrmrw

1.1.1 Triangular end relief

6.4.2齿端三角式修薄

Triangular end reliefs are continuously increasing reliefs of the tooth flanks generally perpendicular to the generators of the main geometry (along the lines of contact) from a defined roll angle in the direction of the start or end of roll on the tooth flank. See Figure 32.

齿端三角式修薄是指从齿廓开始或结束的展角开始沿着垂直于齿轮几何母线（沿着接触线方向）方向对齿轮端面进行连续的修削。参见图32。
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mrmrw

竟然无一人愿意帮忙翻译？

mrmrw

又来了2个很恼火的句子：
7.7 Undercut

7.7根切

Undercut is the removal of material in the dedendum flank on external cylindrical gears. Undercutting occurs when the relative path of the tool tip corner rounding cuts into the involute portion of the tooth flank during the rolling action in the generating gear unit. This undercutting can be avoided or minimized by positive profile shift.

根切是指外齿轮的下齿面被多切去一部分材料的现象。在展成运动过程中，当刀具齿顶尖角的相对运动轨迹切入了被加工齿轮的一部分渐开线齿面时，根切现象就会发生。根切可以通过正变位来避免或减轻。

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7.8 Overcut

7.8过切

Overcut is the removal of material from the flank of an internal gear. Overcutting occurs when the relative path of the tool tip corner rounding cuts into the involute portion of the tooth flank near the tooth tip during the rolling action in the generating gear unit.

过切是指内齿轮的齿面被多切去一部分材料的现象。在展成运动过程中，当刀具齿顶尖角的相对运动轨迹切入了被加工内齿轮的靠近齿顶部分的齿面时，过切现象就会发生。

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这两端话，如果用目前国内比较专业流行的解释，如一界共轭线，二界共轭线之类的来定义，倒是很清晰也准确，但是ISO却是采用类似描述的说法来解释这两个概念，翻译反而不知道怎么做到比较好了？？

还有那个Overcut，按照解释应该翻译成“顶切”是很不错的，但是顶切的英文似乎是 Tip cut！这都不知道该怎么翻译准确了！？？

抓狂啊……

mrmrw

下面的也不好翻译啊！

A.3.2Functional tooth thickness system — Chordal tooth thickness
A.3.2 功能齿厚系统—弦齿厚

The effective tooth thickness is influenced by runout. Therefore, runout should be included in the specified (manufacturing or measured) chordal tooth thickness tolerance calculation. Although large amounts of involute and helix form and slope deviations can affect the chordal thickness measurement, they can normally be neglected. To adjust the maximum effective tooth thickness, one half of the runout tolerance is added to the radius at which calculations are made. However, the calculation of the addendum bar (height slide) setting is made based on diameter . Thus the maximum effective tooth thickness will be acceptable when, due to runout, that point on the tooth is effectively at a larger diameter than . Therefore, the diameter to be used in calculating the maximum allowable chordal tooth thickness is

实效齿厚受径向跳动的影响。因此，径向跳动公差必须包含在实际（制造或测量）弦齿厚公差计算中。尽管较大的渐开线和螺旋线形状与斜率偏差会影响弦齿厚的测量，但通常将它们忽略不计。在调整最大实效齿厚时，需要将径向跳动公差的一半计入实效齿厚的计算中。然而弦齿高的计算还是以直径 为基准的。因此，受径向跳动的影响，轮齿上的有效点将位于一个比直径 更大的圆上，这导致的最大实效齿厚一半也是可以接受的。因此，计算最大允许弦齿厚的直径公式为：